Crop and Pest Management Guidelines

Pest(s)

Materials

Rate per Acre

Comments

5.2.5 3- to 5-INCH SHOOT GROWTH (new shoots are 3-5 inches long)

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot

This is a critical spray for control of rachis infections on susceptible varieties, particularly in wet springs. On highly susceptible varieties (e.g., Niagara), this can also be an important time to prevent the establishment of infections on young berry stems, which can move into the fruit and rot them later in the season. The maximum rates of the listed products should not be necessary at this growth stage IF sprays are thoroughly applied. Although other products are labeled for Phomopsis control, only those that contain one of the three active ingredients in the list below (captan, mancozeb, ziram) provide reliable control of the disease at this important time.

Captan 4L

1.5-2 qt

or Captan 50WP

2-4 lb

or Captan 80WDG

1.25-2.5 lb

or Captan Gold 4L

1-2 qt

or Captan Gold 80WDG

1.25-2.5 lb

OR

*^NYDithane DF

2-4 lb

or Dithane M45

or Manzate Pro-Stick 75DF

or Penncozeb 75DF

OR

*^NYDithane F-45

1.6-3.2 qt

or *^NYManzate Max 4F

OR

Ziram 76DF

3-4 lb

Black rot

Black rot sprays are rarely needed this early in the season unless serious disease occurred the previous year and warm, wet conditions (Table 3.1.1) are anticipated before the next spray is to be applied.

*^NYDithane DF

2-4 lb

Mancozeb products or ziram applied at this time for control of Phomopsis will also provide very good protection against black rot. Although relatively weak against black rot, Captan applied for Phomopsis control should provide adequate protection at this time of the season, except in extreme conditions.

or Dithane M45

or Manzate Pro-Stick 75DF

or Penncozeb 75DF

OR

*^NYDithane F-45

1.6-3.2 qt

or *^NYManzate Max 4F

OR

Ziram 76DF

3-4 lb

OR

Tebuconazole products

4 oz

Generic tebuconazole products, Rally, Mettle, Inspire Super, Revus Top, †Rhyme, and †Topguard EQ have some protective ("forward") activity and also are very

OR

Rally 40WSP

3-4 oz

OR

Mettle 1ME

3-5 fl oz

OR

†Rhyme 2.08SC

4-5 fl oz

effective when applied after the start of an infection period (see Table 3.1.1). The duration of post-infection activity is incompletely characterized, but sprays applied up to 3-7 days after the start of an infection period appear to provide good to excellent control at labeled rates, but only IF coverage is thorough. Mefentrifluconazole (*^NYCevya) has also been found to have excellent activity against black rot, but data are limited. CAUTION: DO NOT USE REVUS TOP, INSPIRE SUPER, OR *^NYAPROVIA TOP ON CONCORD GRAPES (CAUSES INJURY). *NY Cevya should not be applied/tank mixed with horticultural oils (JMS Stylet oil, Purespray green), or injury to foliage and fruit may occur.

OR

†Topguard EQ 4.29SC

5-6 fl oz

OR

Revus Top 4SC

7 fl oz

OR

Inspire Super

16-20 fl oz

OR

*^NYCevya

4-5 fl oz

Powdery mildew

Do not delay sprays beyond this stage for V. vinifera varieties, especially if powdery mildew was prevalent 30 days before leaf fall last year. Sulfur activity is strongly influenced by rate and frequency of application, formulation, and rainfall. It is very effective when applied at relatively high rates and short (7- to 10-day) spray intervals, but efficacy can decline as intervals increase and/or rates decrease, especially in rainy weather. Addition of a "spreader/sticker" surfactant often improves performance in wet weather, and micronized and liquid formulations are generally more persistent than wettable powders. When foliage growth is sparse at the beginning of the season, fungicides can be used effectively at lower per-acre rates than they can from the immediate prebloom spray onwards, IF thorough coverage is provided.

Liquid Sulfur 6L

read the label

See Table 3.1.2 for varietal sensitivity to sulfur; it should be used only on varieties known to be tolerant.

OR

Wettable Sulfur (several DF, WDG, and WP formulations)

read the label

OR

JMS Stylet Oil

1-2% conc., see label

Use JMS Stylet Oil or Purespray Green at 10-day intervals in a 1% solution (1 gal per 100 gal of spray solution) or at 14-day intervals in a 1.5-2% solution. Do not concentrate beyond 2% in lower gallonage applications. Thorough spray coverage is critical for the performance of all oil products. They are most active in a post-infection or eradicant mode, but also provide limited "forward" (protective) activity; protective activity is seriously diminished after 1/4-inch or more of rain occurs (wash off). See label for potential compatibility problems with other pesticides.

OR

Purespray Green

1-2% conc.

OR

Nutrol

4 lb

Nutrol and the potassium bicarbonate products (Kaligreen, Milstop) provide no "forward" (protective) activity but are active in post-infection and eradicant modes, where they are most effective against incubating or very young colonies. For best results, they should be tank-mixed with a product that provides protective activity; or if used alone, they should be applied at short (maximum 7 days) spray intervals.

OR

Kaligreen 82 SP

2.5 lb

OR

Milstop 85WG

2.5 lb

OR

Tebuconazole products

4 oz

OR

Rally 40WSP

3-4 oz

OR

Mettle 1ME

3-5 fl oz

OR

*^NYViticure 4SC

4-6 fl oz

OR

*^NYProcure 480SC

4-6 fl oz

Resistance Warning: To restrict further development of resistance against the DMI (Group 3) fungicides (generic tebuconazole products, Rally, Mettle, Inspire Super, Quadris Top, Revus Top, †Rhyme, †Topguard EQ, *^NYProcure, *^NYViticure, *^NYTrionic, *^NYCevya), it is recommended that they be applied a maximum of three times per season combined, regardless of which products are used.

OR

*^NYTrionic 4SC

4-6 fl oz

OR

†Rhyme 2.08SC

4-5 fl oz

OR

†Topguard EQ 4.29SC

5-6 fl oz

OR

*^NY†Gatten

6.4 fl oz

The *^NY†Gatten label recommends 6.4 fl oz per acre with a maximum 25.6 fl oz per acre per year with a maximum 4 applications, but we do not recommend more than 3 for resistance management purposes. Restrictions for New York - DO NOT apply more than 16 fl oz /A/year.

OR

Torino 120SC

3.4 fl oz

The newest Torino label allows a maximum of two applications per year at the 3.4 fl oz rate or one application per year at the 6.8 fl oz rate. The 6.8 fl oz rate is not recommended at this time.

OR

Double Nickel LC

1-2 qt

Double Nickel is a biopesticide sold in both liquid and WDG formulations. It requires relatively short spray intervals and has provided fair to very good results in NY trials, depending on cultivar susceptibility. It has been most effective on moderately susceptible cultivars rather than highly susceptible cultivars such as Chardonnay.

or Double Nickel 55

0.5-1 lb

OR

Oso 5SC

6.5 fl oz

Oso and Ph-D are relatively new products that contain the same, older active ingredient. They have provided good to very good results in NY trials when rotated with strong conventional materials.

or Ph-D 89WDG

6.2 oz

OR

Regalia

1-4 qts (see label)

Regalia is a biopesticide that has provided fair to very good control of powdery mildew in NY trials, depending on disease pressure. It is likely to work best on less susceptible varieties or at times of year when pressure is low. Different rates are recommended depending on whether it is used alone or in a tank mix. Because Regalia requires 48 hours to activate plant defenses, applications need to start before infection. This product could be included in an organic spray program or in rotation before or after the critical powdery mildew control window (immediate prebloom and post bloom) to slow the development of resistance to other products. Regalia should not be relied on for powdery mildew control during immediate prebloom and post bloom applications.

OR

ProBlad Verde

18.1-45.7 fl oz

ProBlad Verde is a biopesticide that has provided fair to good control of powdery mildew in NY and PA trials. ProBlad Verde is OMRI listed and can be included in an organic spray program or in rotation before or after the critical powdery mildew control window (immediate prebloom and post bloom) to slow the development of resistance to other products. It should not be relied on for conventional powdery mildew control during this critical window. No more than 5 applications can be made during the season, and Fracture/ProBlad Verde may be applied no more than twice before alternating with a product that has a different mode of action.

OR

Abound 2SC

Flint Extra

*^NYSovran 50WG

Pristine

Quadris Top 2.7SC

*^NY†Luna Experience 400SC

not recommended at this time

 Although legal, use of the strobilurin-containing fungicides (Abound, Flint Extra, Pristine, Quadris Top, *^NYSovran), *^NYAprovia, *^NYAprovia Top, *^NY†Luna Experience, Quintec, or Vivando at this time is not recommended due to resistance-management considerations, economics, and label restrictions on the maximum number of allowable sprays. These materials should be saved until the immediate prebloom growth

*^NY†Luna Sensation

Quintec

Vivando 2.5SC

Prolivo 300 SC

Revus Top

*^NYAprovia 0.83EC

*^NYAprovia Top 1.6EC

*^NY†Miravis Prime

stage or later, when they are likely to be most beneficial. CAUTION: DO NOT USE PRISTINE, QUADRIS TOP, *^NYAPROVIA TOP, *^NY†LUNA SENSATION OR FLINT EXTRA ON CONCORD GRAPES OR PRISTINE ON NOIRET GRAPES (CAUSES INJURY). See Section 3.2 for information concerning ABOUND and other azoxystrobin-containing products and the use of these fungicides in Pennsylvania.

OR

*^NYCevya

4-5 fl oz

*NY Cevya should not be applied/tank mixed with horticultural oils (JMS Stylet oil, Purespray green), or injury to foliage and fruit may occur.

OR

Howler

2.5-7.5 lbs

OR

Romeo

0.23 lbs

OR

Stargus

0.5-4.0 qts

Stargus has shown to be more effective when tank mixed with Regalia.

Anthracnose

Rally 40WSP

3-5 oz

Although not specifically labeled for control of anthracnose, mancozeb, captan, and ziram products are effective against the disease when applied at this time for control of Phomopsis and/or black rot. Inspire Super, Pristine, Quadris Top, and Revus Top also are labeled for control of anthracnose, but their use is generally not recommended this early in the growing season.

OR

Mettle 1ME

3-5 fl oz

Angular leaf scorch

Angular leaf scorch is most likely to develop on susceptible varieties when high rainfall occurs during the period of early shoot growth (see Table 3.1.2 for varietal susceptibility). Although there are no specific labels for control of this disease, various mancozeb products applied according to label directions for Phomopsis, black rot, and/or downy mildew control have given good control of angular leaf scorch. The difenoconazole products (Inspire Super, Quadris Top, Revus Top) are labeled for control of rotbrenner, the European "cousin" of angular leaf scorch, which is caused by a very closely related fungus.

Banded grape bug,
Lygocoris inconspicuous

In late May, scout vineyards for the immature stages (nymphs) of banded grape bug and Lygocoris inconspicuous. Restrict your search to shoot tips and clusters where the nymphs spend most of their time. Small nymphs can be difficult to find within the cluster. An alternative method for scouting is to remove clusters from the vine and swirl them around in a container of soapy water or ethyl alcohol. The nymphs exit the clusters and drop to the bottom, where they can be counted. Infestation levels greater than 1 nymph per 10 shoots can cause crop loss. Insecticide applied before the second week in June will prevent economic injury. Infestations do not occur in most vineyards or necessarily throughout a vineyard block; therefore it may not be necessary to treat the entire vineyard or all blocks at a vineyard. *^NYAssail 30SG is labeled for use against banded grape bug but not Lygocoris inconspicuous.

*Danitol 2.4EC

10.67-21.3 fl oz

OR

*^NYImidan 70W

1.33-2.125 lb

OR

*^NYAssail 30SG

2.5 oz

Grape plume moth

Damage from the larvae of grape plume moth is generally not of economic importance. Exceptions are high infestations (greater than 20% of new shoots), especially for high value crops. Infestations are often limited to vineyard edges. Use sufficient water to get good coverage. Sevin cannot be used to control grape plume moth in NYS since the pest is not listed on the label.

*Danitol 2.4EC

10.67-21.3 fl oz

OR

Dipel DF

1 lb

Not registered for use against grape plume moth in NY.

European red mite and two-spotted spider mite

European red mite (ERM) is most commonly a problem on Long Island, NY, although in recent years it has become more of a problem in the Finger Lakes. In the spring ERM is generally rare, although there are years and vineyards when large, overwintered populations stunt shoot growth and require treatment. We do not have good economic threshold estimates at this time of the season. However, scout 10 to 20 areas throughout each vineyard block for presence of ERM on shoots. If you find them in more than 25% of the areas sampled, a treatment may be necessary. Alternately, if you find vines with 10 or more mites per leaf and obvious bronzing, you should consider spot treating the area or the entire block if widespread.

*Vendex 50%WP

1.25-2 lb

Not more than two applications of *Vendex/season.

OR

†Nexter

4.4-10.6 oz

†Nexter is not registered for use on Long Island.

OR

†Nexter SC

7.5-17 fl oz

Not registered for use on Long Island. Lower rate effective against ERM. Higher rate required for control of two-spotted spider mite. Has some activity against grape leafhopper.

OR

*Agri-Mek SC

1.75-3.5 fl oz

Labeled for two-spotted spider mite only. *Agri-Mek SC must be applied in combination with nonionic surfactant.

OR

Acramite 50WS

0.75-1.0 lb

Higher rates (e.g. 1.0 lb) of Acramite 50 WS recommended for ERM.

OR

JMS Stylet Oil

1-2% conc

Multiple applications, starting at 3" shoot growth, have been shown to reduce mite populations. Refer to JMS Stylet Oil label for potential compatibility problems with other spray materials.

OR

Zeal Miticide1

2-3 oz

Mainly effective against eggs and immatures so may see a delay in knock down of population. Product replaces ^Zeal which is a granular formulation instead of WSB. Only one application per season.

OR

Nealta

13.7 fl oz

Effective against TSSM and ERM. Active against eggs and motile stages. Must rotate with miticide with different mode of action. Max allowed per season 27.4 fl oz/A.

OR

Onager Miticide

12-24 oz

Active against eggs and motile immatures. Only one application per year allowed.

OR

Portal

2 pts

Contact pesticide that stops feeding and egg laying, but some delay before death. Maximum allowed per season is 2 pts/A.

KEY FOR SECTION 5.2:

* Federal restricted-use pesticide*^NY Restricted-use pesticide in New York State

† Not for use in Nassau/Suffolk Counties.^ Not registered for use in New York State at press time